Home and Garden Guidebook

Monday, 9 November 2026

Cold Water Header Tank Overflowing: How to Replace a Ballcock Washer

Black plastic cold water tank in an attic with red float ball, copper overflow pipe and white overlay text HOW TO FIX AN OVERFLOWING COLD WATER TANK
© Eugene Brennan

An Overflowing Water Tank in Your Attic

You hear water running outside your home. You look up and see a pipe sticking out from the edge of the roof or soffit which you've never even noticed before. Water is trickling out from the pipe and down onto the ground.

Friday, 6 November 2026

6 Ways to Kill Weeds in Your Garden (Naturally & With Chemicals)

Cartoon of three flowers with a red hoe and the text 6 Ways to Get Rid of Weeds
© Eugene Brennan

Weeds are unsightly and spoil neatly tended flower beds and borders, yards and driveways. Fortunately there are lots of ways to deal with them, either with chemicals or in a natural, environmentally-friendly way, by mechanical means or with household chemical chemicals.

Which Battery Is Best? Choosing Between Alkaline, Zinc, Lithium-Ion and Lead-Acid

Assorted AA and AAA alkaline batteries from brands including Kodak, Maxell, Panasonic, and Tronic scattered on a white surface
AA batteries
© Eugene Brennan

What Type of Battery Should You Choose?

There are various types of batteries on the market today: different sizes, different technology, different voltages, rechargeable and single-use disposables. So how do you know which to use? This article gives some basic facts about the different types of batteries available.

Wednesday, 4 November 2026

High Electricity Bills? These Appliances Are the Most Expensive to Run

Graphic with the words “How to Save Electricity” above euro, pound and dollar symbols
© Eugene Brennan

How Much Does Electricity Cost?

With the cost of electricity rising all the time, it's useful to know how the various appliances in the home are contributing to the cost of your electricity bill.

In this short article, I give a comprehensive list of appliances and an estimate of the cost of running them. The power used by an appliance can differ somewhat from the values quoted but these are typical values. The cost per hour is based on a price of 18c per unit, the current average price in the US, but you can scale up depending on what your electricity supply company charges you.
For more detailed info about electricity, covering volts, watts, amps etc, see my article:

How to Understand Electricity: Volts, Amps and Watts Explained on Appliances.

Electricity Cost Equation

Simply divide watts by 1000 to convert to kilowatt (kW), multiply the cost by the cost per unit, and the result is in cents (or whatever your currency is) 

Cost of Running an Appliance

Cost = Power in kW x Run Time in Hours x Cost per Unit

Example

To work out the cost of running an appliance, we use this equation:

Cost = (Power in watts / 1000) x (cost per unit in cents) x time in hours

E.g. An electric heater with a 2000-watt rating is switched on for 2 hours. If electricity costs 10 c per unit, how much does it cost to power the appliance for this period?

Power in watts = 2000

Cost per unit = 18c

Time in hours = 2

Cost = (Power in watts / 1000) x (cost per unit in cents) x time in hours

= (2000 / 1000) x 18 x 2 = 72 cents

The heater is rated at 2000 watts. This means it uses 2000/1000 = 2 units or kilowatt hours (kWh) in 1 hour. If it was switched on for 15 minutes, it would have used 2000/1000 x 0.25 = 1/2 a kWh. So basically you just need to work out the power in kilowatts by dividing the power in watts by 1000 and then multiply the result by the number of hours followed by the the cost per kWh in cents (or whatever your local currency is)

What is a Kilowatt Hour Meter or Electricity Meter?

The utility company that supplies you with electricity keeps track of your energy usage using a kilowatt hour meter, fitted inside your home or on the wall outside. This meter measures voltage, current and time and displays the result in units or kWh on a mechanical counter display. Electromechanical meters are being replaced by electronic smartmeters which can take into account different tariffs such as night, day and peak rates. They also send the results over the cellular network so they don't have to be read by the "meter man" or consumer.

Kilowatt Hour Meter

Siemens electromechanical electricity meter showing its kilowatt-hour reading
An electromechanical kilowatt-hour meter
© Eugene Brennan

How Do I Know the Wattage of an Appliance?

The voltage, wattage and possibly the current will be specified on the appliance. This information may be embossed into the casing or printed on a label/metal panel. Sometimes this label is located at the back of the appliance e.g. on TVs, washing machines, freezers or other white goods. On kettles, food processors, etc, this information may be printed on the underside.

Information Labels on Appliances

Rating plates on four electrical appliances showing their voltage, current and power consumption
Typical electrical appliance labels/panels
© Eugene Brennan

Which Appliances Use The Most Power?

Air conditioning, electric showers, clothes driers (tumble driers), room heaters and water heaters (immersion heaters) are the most energy hungry appliances. Kettles are also high powered appliances, however since they are turned on for a relatively short period of time, the overall energy cost isn’t too high.

The Most Common Appliances in the Home and the Cost of Running Them (Assuming average cost of 18c per unit in the US)

Table 1. Running costs of appliances
AppliancePower in wattCost per hour in centsNotes on cost
Kitchen range/cooker2000 to 600036 to 108Depending on number of hotplates and whether oven is switched on
Tumble drier250045
Washing machine1000 on average18
Fridge601.08Depends on ambient temperature
Freezer801.44Depends on ambient temperature and capacity of freezer
Kettle2000 to 300036 to 54
Food processor500 to 15009 to 27
Laptop250.45
Desktop computer1001.8Cost is less with LCD monitor
Large TV CRT100 to 1501.8 to 2.7
Large TV Plasma200 to 3003.6 to 5.4
Large TV LCD100 to 2001.8 to 3.6
Large TV LED801.44
Alarm system200.36
HiFi300.54
Transistor radio40.072
Hair drier150027
Microwave oven120021.6
Air conditioning500090Depends on temperature setting on unit
Broadband internet router/modem140.252
100 watt light bulb1001.8
Cordless phone<1w<0.018
Computer printer120.216
Toaster100018
Water tank heater300054
Electric shower7000 to 10000126 to 180
Phone charger5 to 10 W0.09 to 0.18

Work Out Costs Yourself

Electricity Running Cost Calculator

Power unit
Energy consumed:
Estimated running cost:
This calculator assumes the appliance operates continuously at its stated power rating.

What is Vampire Power or Phantom Power?

Many devices draw so called vampire power when on standby. These include sound systems, TVs, HiFis, video and DVD players/recorders, computers, radios etc. Power drawn on standby can be up to 25% of that when fully turned on. If you want to save money – pull the plug.

What is a Power Consumption Monitor?

A power monitor is a useful device for tracking electricity usage and helping you save energy. The monitor is plugged into a wall socket and then the appliance is plugged into the adapter. The device then displays power consumption in watts and tracks energy use in kWh over time. It can also display voltage, current and length of time the appliance is powered on. This is useful for checking the duty cycle or percentage on time for devices that cycle on and off (e.g. fridges, freezers and air conditioners). You can read more about them in this guide:

Checking Power Consumption of Appliances With an Energy Monitoring Adapter

Plug-in electricity power monitor with LCD display and function buttons
Power monitoring adapter
© Eugene Brennan

The Kill a Watt energy usage monitor from Amazon is a basic unit that monitors voltage, amps, watts, kWh and time run. It’s easy to use and each parameter can be selected by simply pressing a dedicated button. Values are displayed on a clear easy-to-read LCD display. Note that this is designed for AC 115 volt appliances.

Kill A Watt P3 electricity usage meter displaying 120.3 volts
Amazon
Kill A Watt electricity meter with a large digital display and buttons for selecting electrical measurements
Amazon

Disclaimer 

This article is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge. Content is for informational or entertainment purposes only and does not substitute for personal counsel or professional advice in business, financial, legal, or technical matters.

© 2012 Eugene Brennan

Comments

khtanned on February 22, 2020:

I would like to get this power meter. May I know the brand or manufacturer.

Thanks

Eugene Brennan (author) from Ireland on February 23, 2020:

Hi khtanned,

This is a B&Q brand power adapter, so only available in the UK and Ireland.What style of plug (country) do you need on the meter?

 K N S Prasad on December 26, 2017:

Very nice for explaining thanks so much.

Delores Wiley on March 13, 2017:

thank you very much I could not read a lot of my appliance wattage and this is very helpful

Checking Power Consumption of Appliances With an Energy Monitoring Adapter

White energy monitoring adapter held in a hand outdoors against green foliage, showing UK-style three-pin socket, LCD screen and control buttons
© Eugene Brennan

How to Measure Power

With the cost of electricity on the increase, an energy monitoring adapter is a useful device that can measure and track the energy consumption of your home appliances.

Tuesday, 3 November 2026

Over 20 Essential Gardening Tools for Beginners

Green hand gardening tools including trowel, fork, weeder and measured trowel under the arched text Which Gardening Tools?
Original un-captioned image, public domain via Pixabay.com

Getting Started With the Proper Tools

This is a guide for beginner gardeners giving some basic info on selecting tools for the yard and garden. You may have moved into your first house and just need to buy tools out of necessity in order to do basic maintenance. Alternatively, you could be landscaping your new garden or rearranging an existing layout. In this article, we’ll discuss these tools.

Monday, 2 November 2026

20 Easy-to-Grow Flowers for Beginner Gardeners

Collage of 20 easy-to-grow garden flowers including poppies, daisies, foxgloves and more with title text
Learn how to grow easy-to-grow-flowers for your garden by reading this guide.

Easy-to-Grow Flowers for a Beautiful Garden!

This article gives you some ideas about easy-to-grow perennial and annual flowers for your planters, pots, and flower beds. From Himalayan blue poppies to red valerian, this flower guide covers the entire rainbow colour spectrum. Find your favourites below!

Sunday, 1 November 2026

What Is a GFCI (RCD)? 7 Tips to Prevent Electric Shock at Home

A GFCI or RCD adapter plugged into an outdoor electrical outlet to prevent electrical shocks
A GFCI or RCD (Residual Current Device) will help prevent potentially dangerous “electrical leaks”.
© Eugene Brennan

What Is a GFCI or RCD, and Why Do I Need One?

A GFCI or “Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter” is an electrical safety device that shuts off power when there’s an electrical “leak”, increasing your safety by helping to prevent dangerous electrical shocks. A GFCI can typically be plugged into a standard socket outlet.

Saturday, 31 October 2026

How to Use an Angle Grinder Safely for Cutting and Grinding Steel

Angle grinder cutting through metal, producing sparks
Original unaltered image byrev, public domain via Pixabay.com

An angle or hand grinder is a power tool regularly used by construction workers and contractors. However, it’s also an invaluable tool in the home workshop or around the house, with a multitude of uses for DIY and crafts.

Friday, 30 October 2026

20 Tools You Need for Home Maintenance and DIY

Collage of DIY tools including loppers, saws, hammers, screwdrivers, multimeter, pliers, tape measure and wrenches with yellow title banner
© Eugene Brennan

So you want to start doing maintenance in your first home to save money or you’re fed up taking time off from work and waiting for tradesmen who don’t turn up on time?

Wednesday, 28 October 2026

What Are the Settings for on a Cordless Drill?

Hand holding a blue and black Bosch Professional cordless drill with screwdriver bit against green grass, title text above
© Eugene Brennan

What Do the Numbers Mean on a Cordless Drill?

Cordless tools are great and, unlike their corded counterparts, they have the obvious advantage of freedom from a power cord that can get in the way, become taut when manoeuvring the tool or end up being tripped over. Also you don’t have to be lugging extension leads around.

Tuesday, 27 October 2026

How to Lay Concrete Kerbs Along a Driveway

Row of rounded concrete edging stones along a dirt border beside brown bushes, with an orange string line and overlaid title text How to Lay Edging Stones
Laying edging kerbs is a simple DIY job with this guide!
© Eugene Brennan

Give Your Driveway a Crisp, Clean Look

Edging a lawn or driveway gives it a crisp, clean look and helps the eye to define the boundary between lawn or flower beds and the harder look of the concrete, stone or tarmac (asphalt) surface of your drive.

Sunday, 25 October 2026

8 Types of Wall Anchors and Fixings: Which Should You Use?

Collage of various wall anchors and fixings including expansion bolts, hollow wall anchors, plastic wall plugs, spring toggles, self-drive drywall anchors, and express nail anchors, with the title “A Guide to Wall Anchors”
© Eugene Brennan

How to Mount Shelves, Cabinets, and More

Fixing stuff to walls is relatively easy, in fact I’ve been doing it since I was 13!

Saturday, 24 October 2026

How to Build a Low-Maintenance Garden Storage Shed From Steel Cladding

Completed dark green corrugated metal garden shed with light brown wooden door and horizontal black bar, on gravel surface with trees and plants surrounding it
© Eugene Brennan

Have you ever wanted to build your own garden shed? I always have and attempted my first one when I was about 10 years old, but abandoned the project because of lack of materials, skills and tools! Eventually, 40 years later, I got around to building a proper garden tool shed.

Monday, 19 October 2026

How to Use a String Trimmer Properly Without Breaking the Line!

Petrol and electric corded trimmers
© Eugene Brennan

This garden power tool has many names depending on where you live in the world, but one thing is sure — it certainly beats a hedge shears for trimming and edging! Like most power tools nowadays, string trimmers are available in petrol, electric corded and rechargeable battery cordless versions.

Saturday, 17 October 2026

How to Change Lawn Mower Oil: No Fancy Tools Needed!

Red oil can icon with three green oil drops
© Eugene Brennan

Motor oil is an essential requirement of all engines. It has several functions, including lubrication of metal parts in contact (reducing friction), cooling, keeping surfaces clean, sealing and corrosion inhibition.

Thursday, 15 October 2026

How to Replace a Spigot Washer – Dripping Outside Tap (Bibcock)

Brass outdoor garden faucet (bibcock) with water dripping from the spout against a cloudy sky
© Eugene Brennan

Like any other faucet (also known as a tap), a spigot has an internal washer which seals and cuts off flow when the spigot is turned off. Eventually after thousands of on/off cycles, this washer wears away, and the result is a dripping spigot.

Wednesday, 14 October 2026

A Guide to Names of Weeds (With Pictures)

Cartoon of anthropomorphic yellow weeds
AI image generated by Bing Image Creator

Weed Identification Guide

This guide helps you identify the 25 most common weeds that you’ll encounter in your yard, flower beds or lawn. Some are annuals and others are perennials—many are easy to eradicate, others more difficult to eliminate.

Tuesday, 6 October 2026

How to Build a Nest Box for Robins From Scrap Timber

3D cad image of bird box
© Eugene Brennan

In this guide I’m going to make a nesting box suitable for European robins, although it can be sized down a little to make it suitable for finches, wrens or similar small songbirds. You can make a birdhouse like this from any waste timber (lumber) that comes to hand such as cladding, fascia or soffit, skirting board (baseboard), palette timber or ply.

Monday, 5 October 2026

A Complete Guide to Pipe Fittings and How to Use Them to Connect PEX, PVC and Copper Tube

Brass plumbing fitting held in fingers against a blurred green background
© Eugene Brennan

A DIY Guide to Plumbing fittings and Pipe Materials

Basic plumbing isn’t rocket science. If you are reasonably adept at DIY, understand the basics, and take care when putting it all together, it’s not too difficult. This is a comprehensive and easy-to-understand guide to pipe types, plumbing fittings, thread sizes, with instructions for how to use fittings to connect copper, PVC, and PEX pipes.

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